![]() Moderately heavy precipitation events (within a 12.7–25.4 mm day −1 range) became less frequent compared to days and events with precipitation totals above 25.4 mm. Analyses show that over the central United States, a statistically significant redistribution in the spectra of intense precipitation days/events during the past decades has occurred. In examining intense precipitation over the central United States, the authors consider only days with precipitation when the daily total is above 12.7 mm and focus only on these days and multiday events constructed from such consecutive precipitation days. Note: the scales of the (top) and (bottom) differ by a factor of 2. All four linear trend estimates are statistically significant at the 0.01 level or higher. The trend estimates for the same periods are equal to 2.1% (10 yr) −1 and 4.6% (10 yr) −1 for days with totals above 76.2 mm and to 2.8% (10 yr) −1 and 6.9% (10 yr) −1 for days with totals above 101.6 mm, respectively. (bottom) Annual number of days with very heavy precipitation for the same region but defined as it is presently defined as days with daily rainfall totals above 76.2 mm and above 101.6 mm (red and black dots, respectively). These trend estimates are equal to 2.6% (10 yr) −1 and 7.4% (10 yr) −1, respectively, and are statistically significant at the 0.01 level or higher ( Groisman et al. (top) Annual number of days with very heavy precipitation (defined as an upper 0.3% of daily precipitation events) over regions of the central United States (upper Mississippi, Midwest, and South dark blue region in inset panel) and inferred linear trends for the 1893–20–2010 periods. Research Defined by Advances in Data Availability. ![]() ![]() 2) Implications for projections of the future.1) Implications for the present climatic and environmental assessments.Possible implications of the observed temporal changes in intense precipitation distribution 3) Causes associated with regional changes mostly within the region (regional temperature, reservoirs’ storage, and agriculture structure and productivity).2) Causes associated with regional changes beyond the regional boundaries.1) Causes associated with global changes.Possible causes of the observed temporal changes in intense precipitation distribution over the central United States Changes of intense precipitation over the central United States associated with ENSO phases 3) Changes of intense precipitation over the central United States associated with sea surface temperature changes over the Gulf of Mexico.2) Changes of intense precipitation over the central United States associated with surface air temperature changes over the Northern Hemisphere.1) Changes of intense precipitation over the central United States associated with surface air temperature changes over its territory.Changes of intense precipitation over the central United States associated with temperature changes Role of tropical cyclones in observed changes of intense precipitation over the central United States ![]() Temporal changes of intense precipitation over the central United States Climatology of intense precipitation over the central United States
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